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LukГЎcs, was not only a Marxist political thinker, but influential literary critic of the 20th century. He was particularly influential with his concept of reification, his theorizing of realism and applying the same to the novel and in his The Theory of the Novel, he traces the history of the novel as a form. He contributed to Marxist theory with developments of Karl MarxвЂ™s theory of class consciousness. GyГ¶rgy LukГЎcs, a Hungarian Marxist philosopher, one of the founders of Western Marxism, practised an interpretive tradition that departed from the Marxist ideological orthodoxy of the USSR. Williams found Marxist thinking that was different from what he encountered in Britain. Herbert Marcuse is known as the father of The New LeftВ which was a political movement in the 1960s and 1970s that stood in contrast to the vanguardist approach of previous Marxisms and brought together educators, agitators to address issues such as asВ gay rights,В abortion,В gender roles, andВ drugs. In the mid-fifties, a new phenomenon was emerging that was termed as the New Left and had affinities with WilliamвЂ™s cultural and literary positions latent in works like Politics and Letters in 19. This particular period is summed up in his work Culture and Society. Meanwhile Williams continued to put forward his historical and political position, as well as cultural and literary work at a conscious distance. In specialized studies, material Marxism encountered problems it could not digest, and therefore dismissed the same.

He was aware of the political and economic part of it in the late forties and fifties. He was aligned towards this radical populism that aimed at making literature rather than judging the same. This was WilliamsвЂ™s position as a student between 19. The cultural and literary arguments were merely an extension of the same.ДЄs he joined Cambridge in 1939, he realized that it could also mean a style of thought, and some defining propositions were picked up as part of a political commitment. Williams traces his earlier conceptions of Marxism as he had been brought up in a working class family and how Marxism to him at that juncture had political and economic connotations.

He states how the aim of the book is to trace this development. The concept of Literature, meanwhile, for related reasons, had become problematic in many ways. In вЂњMarxism and Literature,вЂќ Raymond Williams states how Marxism has experienced a recent revivalвЂ“ a related openness and flexibility of theoretical development, especially with reference to cultural theory. Otherwise it would not explain how literary classics that were generated by earlier capitalist systems still held relevance for current generations.Д®arlier on, it was deemed uncomplicated to categorize Marxism or literature as a static concept with known characteristics.

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Yet Marxist critics themselves like Engels in a series of letters written in the 1890s recognized the relative autonomous nature of literature. Marxists claim that literature reflects the social system of the times as determined by the economic base. The connection between Marxism and literature has been debated from times immemorial. Raymond Williams has been praised by critics like Edward Said for his disregard for traditional academic boundaries, and the distinction between literature and Marxism.